EXPLORING BIOENERGY RESEARCH FOR ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNITY

Important and sustainable global issues is:

·           The world currently has more than 7 billion people and it is estimated that by 2050 there will be as many as 9 billion people .

·           A fifth of the population (1.4 billion people) currently lives on $ 1.25 a day or less.

·           One and a half billion people in the world do not have access to electricity.

·           Two and a half billion people do not have toilets.

·           Nearly one billion people starve every day.

·           Greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase and more than one third of all known species can become extinct if climate change continues to run out of control.

Antroposen is a new term, proposed in 2000 by Nobel Prize-winning scientist Paul Crutzen. This term defines the latest geological period of the earth as a human or anthropogenic influence. Based on the processes of the atmospheric system, geology, hydrology, biosphere, and other earth systems that are altered by humans.

In a 2002 article in the journal Nature stated: " Anthropocene can be said to have begun in the late eighteenth century, when an analysis of air trapped in polar ice showed the beginning of the growth of global concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane". Zalasiewicz et al. stated that the Anthropocene was best identified at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, although they also proposed the beginning of the nuclear era in the 1960s as a useful date, due to the current presence of radioactive isotopes in sediments at this time.

After post-1950s from traces of the Earth System, humans played a central role in the discussion around the formalization of the Anthropocene as the future of the Earth.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) determine a result but do not establish a process that allows to realize the goal. MDGs determined without reference to the initial conditions, but at least in part depends on where it came from. Targets and indicators are not consistent with each other. Ownership conflict because of the contradiction between global goals and national priorities.

Of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for 15 years (2000-2015) and now we arrive at the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 15 years (2016 - 2030). Important relevance to SDGs, which are affordable, clean energy, sustainable cities, communities and climate.

Material Evaluation for Potential and Efficient Resources for Biofuel

Biomass production is 5x higher tropical and sub-tropical regions. Because it has diverse and abundant plants that have hemicellulose, lignin and others (such as fat, protein and starch).

Edible feedstock for Biodiesel from Asia, one of them is Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis). The problem is that edible vegetable oils used as raw materials can cause agriculture to be a dilemma, between food and fuel needs. The need for several potential alternative raw materials and suitable for bioenergy production (especially Biofuel in Asia) .

Evaluation of the Potential of Several Raw Materials in Asia

Souce: Lubes, 2019

 

From a sustainable perspective, the raw material for vegetable oil/ fat planted on dry land is also very potential as an alternative for bioenergy production to prevent the agricultural dilemma for fuel and food.

Acceptance of Young Communities Towards Renewable Energy

Lack of awareness and knowledge in the younger generation towards the SDGs; especially on Climate and Sustainable Energy Affordable. Improve education, increase awareness and human capacity and institutions in climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning. Doubling the pace of global energy efficiency improvement in 2030 with the Energy Triangle Approach (building design, population behavior and service design).

The challenges faced are:

·                Good relationship with the school administrator

·                Agreement and full support from the Principal

·                Strong interpersonal skills

"Improving energy connectivity and market integration in ASEAN to achieve energy security, accessibility, affordability and sustainability for all"

ASEAN Plan for Energy Cooperation (2016-2025) 

Souce:

-  Lubes, Z. I. Z. 2019. Special Lecture: Exploring Bioenergy Research For Environment And Community. University Of Malaya